掌上电脑在线状工程横断面测量中的应用研究

掌上电脑小巧灵活,非常适宜在其上开发测量软件,本文针对不同的情况,介绍了五种常用的测量横断面的方法,并介绍了如何在掌上电脑上开发横断面软件.     

城市公共绿地开发经营模式探讨

城市公共绿地在城市居民生活中扮演重要角色,然而政府用于建设公共绿地的资金已越来越不能满足社会的需求.所以,笔者从城市绿地开发的概念入手,通过分析总结典型案例,提出几种新的城市公共绿地开发经营模式,发动私人力量,公私联合建设管理城市公共绿地,尽量使城市公共绿地建设与受益相挂钩,减轻政府负担,形成新的符合市场经济发展的开发经营体制.讨论了新的开发模式中政府的职能与义务,提出相应的开发程序,就几个成功案例进行了详尽的分析.     

长沙市住宅建筑室内外VOC浓度的实测与分析

根据10户住宅建筑的VOC浓度现场测试及问卷调查结果，分析了长沙市住宅室内外VOC浓度及个人暴露量的状况。分析了环境温湿度、住宅装修时间、空调气流组织方式等对住宅VOC散发及分布的影响。     

园林种植工程的施工组织设计浅议

在实际的园林绿化工程活动中，施工组织设计不是可有可无的装饰品，而是任何一项工程施工都必不可少的程序，文章根据园林种植工程的特点，简述了种植工程施工组织的重要性、其质的衡量标准以及具体内容。     

浅析Pruitt Igoe居住区的兴与废

通过对Pruitt lgoe居住区兴与废的分析，阐明由不同的生活习惯而导致的居住建筑的复杂性与矛盾性，揭示出居住建筑设计中个人化行为存在的原因和重要性。     

传统人事管理向人力资源管理的转变途径

针对传统人事管理的不足，从人力资源规划、分工协作体系、人员系统管理三方面介绍了将传统的劳动人事管理转到人力资源开发的途径，以促进现代化人事管理的正常进行。     

加入WTO对我国监理工程师素质的要求与对策

论述了国外对工程监理人员素质的要求,分析了我国监理工程师素质的现状,提出了加入WTO后提高监理工程师素质的对策.     

谈地下工程防水工程师专业素质

通过总结地下工程防水的经验,提出了地下防水工程师应该具备的专业素质条件,希望对年轻的防水工程师有所帮助。     

Estimating person-to-person variability in VOC emissions from personal care products used during showering

An increasing fraction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions come from the domestic use of solvents, contained within myriad commonplace consumer products. Emission rates are often poorly characterized and depend significantly on individual behavior and specific product formulation and usage. Time-concentration profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) arising from the use of a representative selection of personal care products (PCPs) during showering are generated, and person-to-person variability in emissions calculated. A panel of 18 participants used a standardized set of products, dosages, and application times during showering in a controlled indoor bathroom setting. Proton transfer mass spectrometry was used to measure the in-room VOC evolution of limonene (representing the sum of monoterpenes), benzyl alcohol, and ethanol. The release of VOCs had reproducible patterns between users, but noticeable variations in absolute peak concentrations, despite identical amounts of material being used. The amounts of VOC emitted to air for one showering activity were as follows: limonene (1.77 mg ± 42%), benzyl alcohol (1.07 mg ± 41%), and ethanol (0.33 mg ± 78%). Real-world emissions to air were between 1.3 and 11 times lower than bottom-up estimates based on dynamic headspace measurements of product emissions rates, likely a result of PCPs being washed away before VOC evaporation could occur.     

Performance enhancement of hybrid personal cooling clothing in a hot environment: PCM cooling energy management with additional insulation

A novel design of personal cooling clothing incorporating additional insulation sandwiched between phase change materials (PCMs) and clothing outer layer is proposed. Performance of four personal cooling systems including clothing with only PCMs, clothing with PCMs and insulation (PCM?+?INS), clothing with PCMs and ventilation fans (HYB), and clothing with PCMs, ventilation fans and insulation (HYB?+?INS) was investigated. Effect of additional insulation on clothing cooling performance in terms of human physiological and perceptual responses was also examined. Human trials were carried out in a hot environment (i.e. 36?°C, RH = 59%). Results showed that significantly lower mean skin/torso temperatures were registered in HYB?+?INS as compared to HYB. In contrast, no significant effect of the use of insulation on both skin and body temperatures between PCM and PCM?+?INS was observed. Also, no significant difference in thermal sensations, thermal comfort, and skin wetness sensation was registered between cooling systems with and without additional insulation.

Practitioner Summary: Hybrid personal cooling clothing has shown the ability to provide a relatively cool microclimate around the wearer’ body while working in hot environments. The present work addresses the importance of cooling energy saving for PCMs in a hot environment. This work contributes to optimising cooling performance of hybrid personal cooling systems.